In this work, the influence of working pressure on the characteristics of the layers produced by the nitriding treatment on the AISI 316 austenitic stainless steel surface using the Cathodic Cage Plasma Nitriding technique (CCPN) is assessed. The treatments were carried out at a temperature of 723 K for 5 hours under working pressures of 120, 250 and 500 Pa. The morphology, microstructure and corrosion resistance were studied through optical microscopy, x-ray diffraction, and electrochemical potential curves. We analyzed the effects of working pressure on the layer thickness, microhardness and corrosion resistance. The E×i curves and the electrochemical impedance of polarized samples were measured in order to investigate the effect of the ion transfer inside the produced film placed into the anodic solution. The electrochemical impedance of the films were measured, and showed an apparent capacitive behavior. For treatment under a pressure of 120 Pa we found the nitrides Fe3N, Fe4N and CrN. For treatment at a pressure of 250 Pa, the CrN disappears and the observed phases are the nitrides Fe3N, Fe4N and the S-phase. For a treatment pressure of 500 Pa there is an increase in the corrosion resistance of nitrided layers, confirmed by the predominance of S-Phase in the x-ray diffraction pattern. On the other hand, the sample nitrided under the pressure of 250 Pa showed very unstable impedance behavior when immersed in NaCl solution, indicating that the treatment at this specific working pressure has a negative effect on the corrosion resistance of plasma nitrided AISI 316 stainless steel surfaces.

Amostras cilíndricas do aço AISI D2 foram submetidas aos tratamentos térmicos de recozimento, têmpera e revenido e tratadas termicamente em baixas temperaturas para alívio de tensões. Em seguida foram nitretadas em gaiola catódica nas temperaturas de 400 e 480 ºC durante 3 e 4 horas com objetivo de avaliar as melhores condições de tratamento para este material. Nessa técnica as amostras são colocadas num potencial flutuante, dentro de uma gaiola que blinda o potencial catódico. Um estudo sistemático foi realizado para avaliar a eficiência desta técnica na melhoria da dureza deste aço e sem o surgimento dos problemas comuns da nitretação iônica convencional como o efeito de borda. As amostras nitretadas por essa nova técnica apresentaram, para uma duração de tratamento bem inferior, espessuras de camadas, fases cristalinas e durezas, semelhantes àquelas apresentadas na literatura para a nitretação iônica convencional. Observa-se que nas três condições de tratamento térmico, a condição de nitretação que apresentou maior espessura de camada de compostos foi para a duração de 3 horas na temperatura de 480 ºC.

Cylindrical samples of type AISI D2 tool steel were submitted to the thermal treatments of annealing, quenching and tempering, as well as low temperature stress relieving. Then, they were nitrided in a cathodic cage at the temperatures of 400 and 480°C for 3 and 4 hours, to assess the best conditions of treatment for this material. In this technique the samples are placed on an insulating plate inside a cage that shields the cathodic potential. A systematic study was conducted to assess the efficiency of this technique in improving the hardness of the steel and without the appearance of the common problems of conventional ion nitriding, such as the edge effect. The samples nitrided using this new technique, for smaller treatment times presented layer thicknesses, crystalline phases and hardness comparable to those reported in the literature for conventional ion nitriding. It was found that nitriding for 3 hours at 480 ºC resulted in a thicker compound layer, among the 3 nitring conditions tested.

Este trabalho apresenta a análise termo-mecânica do aço inoxidável martensítico 423Co quando submetido a um ensaio de fadiga térmica visando simular as condições de trabalho de rolos de lingotamento contínuo. Para tanto, foi desenvolvido um equipamento que reproduzisse o comportamento dos materiais quando submetidos a contínuos gradientes térmicos. Nesse estudo foram considerados os seguintes parâmetros: o sistema de aquecimento e resfriamento para geração dos ciclos térmicos; o tipo e geometria do corpo-de-prova; a restrição total e o controle do estado de tensões aplicados no corpo-de-prova durante o ensaio. O monitoramento e o controle desses parâmetros foram realizados por um sistema de aquisição de dados que permitiu a correção "in-locu" dos mesmos durante o ensaio. Foi observado que esses parâmetros propiciaram de forma eficaz a simulação eficientemente do fenômeno da fadiga térmica, nos materiais estudados, principalmente no aço inoxidável martensítico 423Co, foco desse trabalho. Os ensaios de fadiga térmica realizados no equipamento mostram a evolução dos principais mecanismos de deterioração nos metais, particularmente para o aço inoxidável martensítico 423Co utilizado como revestimento dos rolos de lingotamento contínuo.

This research presents a thermo-mechanical analysis of the martensitic stainless steel 423Co when submitted to a thermal fatigue test carried out in such a way that simulates the work conditions of the rolls used in continuous caster process. In order to perform this experiment it was developed an equipment to reproduce the behavior of materials submitted to a continuous thermal gradient. In this study the following parameters were considered: the cooling and heating system to produce thermal cycles; the type and geometry of the sample; the total restraint and control of the strain state applied on the sample during the test. The monitoring and control of these parameters were carried out through a system of data acquisition which allows "in situ" correction during the test. It was observed that these parameters provide an efficient simulation of the thermal fatigue phenomenon on the analyzed material, mainly on the martensitic stainless steel 423Co. The thermal fatigue tests realized with the equipment showed the evolution of the main deteriorating mechanism in metals, particularly for the martensitic stainless steel 423Co which is utilized as covering of the studied rolls.

AISI 420 martensitic stainless steel samples were nitrided by cathodic cage technique with addition of methane in the atmosphere aiming to reduce chromium nitride precipitation, to increase hardness and wear resistance without the presence of characteristic defects inherent to the ionic nitriding process. Microhardness measurements and X-ray analysis confirm the formation of a high hardness double-layer constituted by two regions: one internal region composed of carbon and another composed of nitrogen.